Clinical particulars.
Target species
Cattle and pigs.
Indications for use, specifying the target species
Cattle:
Treatment of respiratory tract infections due to Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida and Histophilus somni susceptible to florfenicol.
Pigs:
Treatment of acute outbreaks of swine respiratory disease caused by strains of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida susceptible to florfenicol.
Contraindications
Do not use in adult bulls or boars intended for breeding purposes.
Do not administer in cases of hypersensitivity to the active ingredient or any of the excipients.
Special warnings for each target species
None.
Special precautions for use
Special precautions for use in animals
Wipe the stopper before removing each dose. Use a dry, sterile needle and syringe.
Do not use in piglets of less than 2 kg.
Under field conditions, approximately 30% of treated pigs presented with pyrexia (40°C) associated with either moderate depression or moderate dyspnoea a week or more after administration of the second dose.
Use of product should be based on susceptibility testing of the bacteria isolated from the animal. If this is not possible, therapy should be based on local (regional, farm level) epidemiological information about susceptibility of the target bacteria.
Official national and regional antimicrobial policies should be taken into account when the product is used.
Use of the product deviating from the instructions given in the SPC may increase the prevalence of bacteria resistant to the florfenicol and may decrease the effectiveness of treatment with other antimicrobials, due to the potential for cross-resistance. Particular attention should be paid to improving farming practices to avoid any stress condition (improving management practices and by cleaning and disinfection).
Special precautions to be taken by the person administering the veterinary medicinal product to animals
Care should be taken when handling the product to avoid accidental self-injection. In case of accidental self-injection, seek medical advice, and show the package leaflet or the label to the physician.
People with known hypersensitivity to the components of the formulation should avoid contact with the product.
Wash hands after handling the product.
Adverse reactions (frequency and seriousness)
Cattle:
A decrease in food consumption and transient softening of the faeces may occur during the treatment period. Treated animals recover quickly and completely upon termination of treatment.
Administration of the product by the intramuscular route may cause inflammatory lesions at the injection site which may persist for up to 28 days.
Pigs:
Commonly observed adverse effects are transient diarrhoea and/or peri-anal and rectal erythema/oedema which may affect 50% of the animals. These effects may be observed for up to one week.
Administration of the product by the intramuscular route may cause inflammatory lesions at injection site which disappear within 28 days.
Use during pregnancy, lactation or lay
Studies in laboratory animals have not revealed any evidence of embryo- or foeto-toxic potential for florfenicol. However, the safety of florfenicol on bovine and porcine reproductive performance and pregnancy has not been assessed. Use only according to the benefit/risk assessment by the responsible veterinarian.
Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
None known.
Amounts to be administered and administration route
Intramuscular use.
The injection should be given in the neck.
Cattle:
20 mg florfenicol per kg bodyweight, i.e. 1 ml of solution per 15 kg bodyweight, twice 48 hours apart.
Pigs:
15 mg florfenicol per kg bodyweight, i.e. 1 ml of solution per 20 kg bodyweight, twice 48 hours apart.
The dose volume given at any one injection site should not exceed 10 ml in cattle and 3 ml in pigs.
To ensure a correct dosage body weight should be determined as accurately as possible to avoid underdosing.
It is recommended to treat animals in the early stages of disease and to evaluate the response to treatment within 48 hours after the second injection. If clinical signs of respiratory disease persist 48 hours after the last injection, treatment should be changed using another formulation or another antibiotic and continued until clinical signs have resolved.
Overdose (symptoms, emergency procedures, antidotes), if necessary
In swine after intramuscular administration of 3 times the recommended dose or more, a reduction in feeding, hydration and weight gain has been observed.
After administration of 5 times the recommended dose or more, vomiting has also been noted.
Withdrawal period(s)
Cattle:
Meat and offal: 37 days
Milk: Not permitted for use in lactating animals producing milk for human consumption.
Pigs:
Meat and offal: 18 days
Pharmacological particulars
Pharmacotherapeutic group: Antibacterials for systemic use, Amphenicols. ATCvet code: QJ01BA90
Pharmacodynamic properties
Florfenicol is a synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against most Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria isolated from domestic animals.
Florfenicol acts by inhibiting bacteria protein synthesis at the ribosomal level, thus is bacteriostatic. However, in vitro tests have shown that florfenicol has a bactericidal activity against the most commonly isolated bacterial pathogens involved in respiratory diseases:
-Histophilus somni, Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida isolated from cattle
-Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia, and Pasteurella multocida isolated from pigs.
Acquired resistance to florfenicol is mediated by efflux pump resistance associated with a floR gene. Such resistance has not yet been identified in the target pathogens except for Pasteurella multocida. Cross resistance with chloramphenicol can occur. Resistance to florfenicol and other antimicrobials has been identified in the food-born pathogen Salmonella typhimurium and co-resistance with the third-generation cephalosporins has been observed in respiratory and digestive Escherichia coli.
For Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida and Histophilus somni the following breakpoints have been determined for florfenicol in bovine respiratory disease; susceptible: =2 µg/ml, intermediate: 4 µg/ml, resistant: =8 µg/ml.
In bovine, 99% of P. multocida isolates (n=156) and 98% of M. haemolytica isolates (n=109) were susceptible to florfenicol (strains isolated in France in 2012).
In swine, 99% of P. multocida isolates (n=150) were susceptible to florfenicol (strains isolated in France in 2012).
The following Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) have been determined for florfenicol in European isolates collected from diseased animals between 2009 to 2012:
Bacteria species
Origin
Nb of strains
CMI of florfenicol (µg/mL)
CMI50
CMI90
Mannheimia haemolytica
Cattle
147
0.7
1.0
Pasteurella multocida
Cattle
134
0.3
0.5
Histophilus somni
Cattle
64
0.2
0.2
Pasteurella multocida
Swine
151
0.4
0.5
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Swine
158
0.2
0.4
Pharmacokinetic particulars
In cattle:
Intramuscular administration of the formulation at the recommended dose of 20 mg/kg maintains efficacious blood levels for 48 hours. Maximum mean serum concentration (Cmax) of 3.8 µg/ml occurred 5.7 hours (Tmax) after dosing. The mean serum concentration 24 hours after dosing was 1.95 µg/ml. The mean elimination half life was 15.3 hours
In pigs:
After intramuscular administration of florfenicol, maximum serum concentration of 4.7 µg/ml is reached after 1.8 hours and the concentrations deplete with a terminal mean half-life of 14.8 hours. Serum concentrations drop below 1 µg/ml, the MIC90 for the target porcine pathogens, 12-24 hours following IM administration. Florfenicol concentrations achieved in lung tissue reflect plasma concentration, with a lung: plasma concentration ratio of approximately 1. After administration to pigs by the intramuscular route, florfenicol is rapidly excreted, primarily in urine. The florfenicol is extensively metabolised.
Pharmaceutical particulars
List of excipients
Dimethylacetamide, Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, Macrogol 300
Incompatibilities
In the absence of compatibility studies, this veterinary medicinal product must not be mixed with other veterinary medicinal products
Shelf life
Shelf-life of the veterinary medicinal product as packaged for sale: 3 years
Shelf-life after first opening the immediate packaging: 28 days.
Special precautions for storage
This veterinary medicinal product does not require any special storage conditions.
Nature and composition of immediate packaging
Material of the primary container:
Colourless glass vial type II (20 – 50 – 100 – 250 - 500 ml).
Translucent multi-layer plastic vials (50 – 100 – 250 – 500 ml).
Chlorobutyl stopper type II.
Pack size:
Box containing one vial of 20, 50, 100, 250 or 500 ml.
Not all pack sizes may be marketed.
Special precautions for the disposal of unused veterinary medicinal product or waste materials derived from the use of such products
Any unused veterinary medicinal product or waste materials derived from such veterinary medicinal products should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.
Target species
Cattle and pigs.
Indications for use, specifying the target species
Cattle:
Treatment of respiratory tract infections due to Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida and Histophilus somni susceptible to florfenicol.
Pigs:
Treatment of acute outbreaks of swine respiratory disease caused by strains of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida susceptible to florfenicol.
Contraindications
Do not use in adult bulls or boars intended for breeding purposes.
Do not administer in cases of hypersensitivity to the active ingredient or any of the excipients.
Special warnings for each target species
None.
Special precautions for use
Special precautions for use in animals
Wipe the stopper before removing each dose. Use a dry, sterile needle and syringe.
Do not use in piglets of less than 2 kg.
Under field conditions, approximately 30% of treated pigs presented with pyrexia (40°C) associated with either moderate depression or moderate dyspnoea a week or more after administration of the second dose.
Use of product should be based on susceptibility testing of the bacteria isolated from the animal. If this is not possible, therapy should be based on local (regional, farm level) epidemiological information about susceptibility of the target bacteria.
Official national and regional antimicrobial policies should be taken into account when the product is used.
Use of the product deviating from the instructions given in the SPC may increase the prevalence of bacteria resistant to the florfenicol and may decrease the effectiveness of treatment with other antimicrobials, due to the potential for cross-resistance. Particular attention should be paid to improving farming practices to avoid any stress condition (improving management practices and by cleaning and disinfection).
Special precautions to be taken by the person administering the veterinary medicinal product to animals
Care should be taken when handling the product to avoid accidental self-injection. In case of accidental self-injection, seek medical advice, and show the package leaflet or the label to the physician.
People with known hypersensitivity to the components of the formulation should avoid contact with the product.
Wash hands after handling the product.
Adverse reactions (frequency and seriousness)
Cattle:
A decrease in food consumption and transient softening of the faeces may occur during the treatment period. Treated animals recover quickly and completely upon termination of treatment.
Administration of the product by the intramuscular route may cause inflammatory lesions at the injection site which may persist for up to 28 days.
Pigs:
Commonly observed adverse effects are transient diarrhoea and/or peri-anal and rectal erythema/oedema which may affect 50% of the animals. These effects may be observed for up to one week.
Administration of the product by the intramuscular route may cause inflammatory lesions at injection site which disappear within 28 days.
Use during pregnancy, lactation or lay
Studies in laboratory animals have not revealed any evidence of embryo- or foeto-toxic potential for florfenicol. However, the safety of florfenicol on bovine and porcine reproductive performance and pregnancy has not been assessed. Use only according to the benefit/risk assessment by the responsible veterinarian.
Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
None known.
Amounts to be administered and administration route
Intramuscular use.
The injection should be given in the neck.
Cattle:
20 mg florfenicol per kg bodyweight, i.e. 1 ml of solution per 15 kg bodyweight, twice 48 hours apart.
Pigs:
15 mg florfenicol per kg bodyweight, i.e. 1 ml of solution per 20 kg bodyweight, twice 48 hours apart.
The dose volume given at any one injection site should not exceed 10 ml in cattle and 3 ml in pigs.
To ensure a correct dosage body weight should be determined as accurately as possible to avoid underdosing.
It is recommended to treat animals in the early stages of disease and to evaluate the response to treatment within 48 hours after the second injection. If clinical signs of respiratory disease persist 48 hours after the last injection, treatment should be changed using another formulation or another antibiotic and continued until clinical signs have resolved.
Overdose (symptoms, emergency procedures, antidotes), if necessary
In swine after intramuscular administration of 3 times the recommended dose or more, a reduction in feeding, hydration and weight gain has been observed.
After administration of 5 times the recommended dose or more, vomiting has also been noted.
Withdrawal period(s)
Cattle:
Meat and offal: 37 days
Milk: Not permitted for use in lactating animals producing milk for human consumption.
Pigs:
Meat and offal: 18 days
Pharmacological particulars
Pharmacotherapeutic group: Antibacterials for systemic use, Amphenicols. ATCvet code: QJ01BA90
Pharmacodynamic properties
Florfenicol is a synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against most Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria isolated from domestic animals.
Florfenicol acts by inhibiting bacteria protein synthesis at the ribosomal level, thus is bacteriostatic. However, in vitro tests have shown that florfenicol has a bactericidal activity against the most commonly isolated bacterial pathogens involved in respiratory diseases:
-Histophilus somni, Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida isolated from cattle
-Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia, and Pasteurella multocida isolated from pigs.
Acquired resistance to florfenicol is mediated by efflux pump resistance associated with a floR gene. Such resistance has not yet been identified in the target pathogens except for Pasteurella multocida. Cross resistance with chloramphenicol can occur. Resistance to florfenicol and other antimicrobials has been identified in the food-born pathogen Salmonella typhimurium and co-resistance with the third-generation cephalosporins has been observed in respiratory and digestive Escherichia coli.
For Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida and Histophilus somni the following breakpoints have been determined for florfenicol in bovine respiratory disease; susceptible: =2 µg/ml, intermediate: 4 µg/ml, resistant: =8 µg/ml.
In bovine, 99% of P. multocida isolates (n=156) and 98% of M. haemolytica isolates (n=109) were susceptible to florfenicol (strains isolated in France in 2012).
In swine, 99% of P. multocida isolates (n=150) were susceptible to florfenicol (strains isolated in France in 2012).
The following Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) have been determined for florfenicol in European isolates collected from diseased animals between 2009 to 2012:
Bacteria species
Origin
Nb of strains
CMI of florfenicol (µg/mL)
CMI50
CMI90
Mannheimia haemolytica
Cattle
147
0.7
1.0
Pasteurella multocida
Cattle
134
0.3
0.5
Histophilus somni
Cattle
64
0.2
0.2
Pasteurella multocida
Swine
151
0.4
0.5
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Swine
158
0.2
0.4
Pharmacokinetic particulars
In cattle:
Intramuscular administration of the formulation at the recommended dose of 20 mg/kg maintains efficacious blood levels for 48 hours. Maximum mean serum concentration (Cmax) of 3.8 µg/ml occurred 5.7 hours (Tmax) after dosing. The mean serum concentration 24 hours after dosing was 1.95 µg/ml. The mean elimination half life was 15.3 hours
In pigs:
After intramuscular administration of florfenicol, maximum serum concentration of 4.7 µg/ml is reached after 1.8 hours and the concentrations deplete with a terminal mean half-life of 14.8 hours. Serum concentrations drop below 1 µg/ml, the MIC90 for the target porcine pathogens, 12-24 hours following IM administration. Florfenicol concentrations achieved in lung tissue reflect plasma concentration, with a lung: plasma concentration ratio of approximately 1. After administration to pigs by the intramuscular route, florfenicol is rapidly excreted, primarily in urine. The florfenicol is extensively metabolised.
Pharmaceutical particulars
List of excipients
Dimethylacetamide, Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, Macrogol 300
Incompatibilities
In the absence of compatibility studies, this veterinary medicinal product must not be mixed with other veterinary medicinal products
Shelf life
Shelf-life of the veterinary medicinal product as packaged for sale: 3 years
Shelf-life after first opening the immediate packaging: 28 days.
Special precautions for storage
This veterinary medicinal product does not require any special storage conditions.
Nature and composition of immediate packaging
Material of the primary container:
Colourless glass vial type II (20 – 50 – 100 – 250 - 500 ml).
Translucent multi-layer plastic vials (50 – 100 – 250 – 500 ml).
Chlorobutyl stopper type II.
Pack size:
Box containing one vial of 20, 50, 100, 250 or 500 ml.
Not all pack sizes may be marketed.
Special precautions for the disposal of unused veterinary medicinal product or waste materials derived from the use of such products
Any unused veterinary medicinal product or waste materials derived from such veterinary medicinal products should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.
Shipping charges mainland GB zone1
| Value | Weight | Delivery Charge |
| Over £49.00 | Any Weight | FREE |
| Under £49.00 | No weight limit | £4.50 |
| Under £49.00 | Under 250 grams | £3.49 |
Most orders are despatched the same day and standard delivery is 3 to 5 working days from despatch. FAST Expedited options are available at extra cost - these usually arrive in 24-48hrs from dispatch but delays are possible during busy periods.
Postcodes outside of Zone 1 (including some areas within mainland UK) may incur extra carriage charges due to surcharges imposed by the couriers. These will be calculated on the website at the checkout.
NB: Orders placed with faster delivery must be placed before 13:00 to ensure same day dispatch (excluding weekends and bank holidays). Please also check on the product page that the items ordered show 'In Stock' otherwise your order will be delayed until the stock becomes available, which in most cases will only be 24hrs.
Estimated "Usually shipped in" information is shown against most products
Overseas orders
We no longer send goods outside of the UK.
Prescription Items
Prescription items will be sent on receipt of a legally valid signed and dated prescription.
Pick up
We offer a pickup service for orders placed over the phone.
Please ring us on 01833 641112 for more information.
Refrigerated Items
- Refrigerated lines Packaging Cost: Despatched with Woolcool Refrigerated Packaging for £7.50.
Wool cool keeps pharmaceutical products at fridge-like, ambient, or even freezing temperatures for up to 72 hours, and possibly longer depending on the contents and use of ice packs.
Important Delivery Information:
- Receipt Required: Someone must be available to receive the delivery. Woolcool packaging is designed for temperature-controlled goods, so parcels cannot be left unattended.
- Immediate Refrigeration: Upon receipt, refrigerate the contents immediately to ensure your food or medicine remains at the correct temperature.
- Failed Delivery Attempts: We are not responsible for the cost of replacements if a delivery attempt fails due to the absence of someone to receive it.
We want you to be completely satisfied with any purchase. If not any item* can be returned to us within 14 days of receipt for exchange or refund Please give us a ring for a returns number on 01833 641112 or alternatively email sales@hyperdrug.co.uk to obtain a returns number.
*Due to legal requirements medicines may not be returned except to correct an error in despatch or in response to an "official recall". If an item is believed to be faulty it should be returned for inspection and it may be necessary to forward it to the manufacturers for testing before replacements or refunds can be authorised. This does not infringe legal rights. Please contact our customer services for a "Returns Number" which must appear on the outside of the package or it will not be accepted. We advise customers to use an insured method of shipping and to retain proof of despatch. We may refuse returns on products specially obtained or manufactured to order. Items must be returned unsoiled and unused and sent adequately packed and carriage paid.